must have
Tu as dû te plaindre dans tout le quartier.
You must have complained to the whole neighborhood.
— Les Quatre Cents Coups (1959)
You must have done something.
Tu as dû rencontrer le maître de la forêt.
You must have met the master of the forest.
— Mon voisin Totoro (1988)
Tu as dû être soulagé d'apprendre que j'étais mort.
You must have been relieved to learn that I was dead.
— Insaisissables 3 (2025)
You must have been wrong.