had to; must have
Tous les mecs qui l'ont vue ont dû aller se branler.
Every guy who saw her must have gone off to masturbate.
— Reservoir Dogs (1992)
Les infirmiers ont dû lui couper la bite !
The nurses had to cut off his penis!
— Reservoir Dogs (1992)
Les gamins se battaient donc les parents ont dû intervenir.
The kids were fighting so the parents had to intervene.
Tous les honnêtes gens dans ce monde ont dû faire face à ce genre de situation.
Every decent person in the world has had to deal with this kind of situation.
— PIKU (2015)
Les enfants ont dû rentrer de l'école.
The children must have come home from school.
— Je suis toujours là (2024)