he was; he has been
O Tom não me diria onde ele esteve.
Tom wouldn't tell me where he'd been.
Ele esteve de cama na última semana.
He was bedridden for the past week.
Ele esteve no Havaí muitas vezes.
He's been to Hawaii many times.
He has been running.
Tom não me contou onde ele esteve.
Tom didn't tell me where he had been.
E não consegue saber se ele esteve ou não em casa?
And you can't tell if he was home or not?
— Sem Amor (2017)
Ele esteve doente, mas não está doente agora.
He was sick, but he's not sick now.
Você perguntou a Tom onde ele esteve?
Did you ask Tom where he had been?