il dut

he had to

→ il
phrase Rare #37,224
he had to A literary past-tense form, mainly used in written narratives.
FR: Il dut partir avant la nuit.
EN: He had to leave before nightfall.

Il dut l'entendre, car il voulut passer de force.

He must have heard it, because he tried to force his way through.

Il dut passer une vie misérable durant de nombreuses années.

He had to spend a miserable life for many years.

Pour sortir, il dut entrer.

To get out, he had to get in.

— L'Accusé (2017)

Il dut trouver un autre moyen.

He had to find another way.

Mais il dut bien entrer, non ?

But he must have gotten in somehow, right?

— L'Accusé (2017)

Il dut partager une chambre avec son frère.

He had to share a room with his brother.

Il dut porter le sac.

He had to carry the bag.

Il dut réduire le prix de ses marchandises.

He had to reduce the price of his goods.

Il dut remettre le rendez-vous pour cause de maladie.

He had to postpone the appointment due to illness.