の重要さが

the importance of …

→ の
phrase Rare #38,309
the importance of … The の indicates what is important, while が marks 重要さ (importance) as the subject. This phrase is usually followed by a verb such as わかる (to understand).
JA: 彼に言われて、時間の重要さがわかった。
EN: After he told me, I understood the importance of time.

私はその問題の重要さがわかっていなかった

I didn't understand how important that issue was.

私は学校を卒業してはじめて勉強の重要さがわかった

It was only after I graduated from school that I realized the importance of studying.

君が話してくれたのでやっとこの書類の重要さがわかった

It was only because you explained it to me that I finally understood how important this document is.