何人かの生徒が

some students

→ 何人
phrase Rare #40,226
some students 何人か means “some” when referring to people; が marks 生徒 as the subject of the sentence.
JA: 何人かの生徒が図書館で勉強しています。
EN: Some students are studying in the library.

私は何人かの生徒が宿題のことで文句を言うのを聞いた。

I heard some students complaining about their homework.

校庭に何人かの生徒がいます。

There are several students in the schoolyard.

教室には何人かの生徒がいました。

There were several students in the classroom.