電話番号を教えた

gave someone a phone number

→ 電話番号
phrase Rare #20,659
gave someone a phone number 教えた is the plain past form of 教える, which here means “to tell” or “to provide” information rather than “to teach.” The subject is the person who gave the number; the recipient can be marked with に.
JA: 友達に新しい電話番号を教えた。
EN: I gave my friend my new phone number.

彼女は彼に名前電話番号を教えた

She gave him her name and phone number.

トムメアリー自分の電話番号を教えた

Tom gave Mary his phone number.

トムメアリー電話番号を教えたことを後悔している

Tom regrets giving Mary his phone number.

彼が君に間違った電話番号を教えたはずがない

He can't have given you the wrong phone number.